Om Bhur Bhuvah SuvahaTat Savitur VarenyaBhargo Devasya Dheemahi Dhiyo Yo Nah PrachodayatWe meditate upon the glorious splendor of the Vivifier Divine.
May He Himself illumine our minds!
The ancient mansion of Hindu tradition and custom is built on the four
walls of Karma, Janma, Dharma and Brahma.Regardless of its size, a house needs four supporting walls. It follows therefore that in the hugemansion
of ancient Hindu thought, customs and traditions should have a point of meeting together somewhere. It is not possible for anyone to escape from
the consequences of what one does knowingly or otherwise. You have toface
up to the consequences of all your actions, whether good or bad.
Clearly, therefore, the doctrine of Karma stands as a cardinal principle that
governs a person's life. One has to live and die with this principle. It
is this Karma which determines one's joys and sorrows. And it is through Karma that you are endowed with this life itself What is the secret of
this Janma? This body has been given to you so that you could undertake
your Karma and therein lies the point- that through the body you have touphold Dharma. When you conduct yourself in keeping with Dharma, you qualify to attain Brahma. The Gita proclaims that when Dharma declinesGod incarnates as an Avatar. Truly, what you see in the form of a body is nothing but a manifestation of God himself. God takes the form of a human being to restore Dharma. What you call 'creation' is a manifestation of
the Cosmic Principle. We also refer to it as nature. Whoever is born in
this nature will certainly have the same atribute of this nature. Man who
has the same qualities of this Cosmic Principle, this creation, this
nature, is offering all that is embedded in this creation to someone for
some purpose. To whom is he offering it? Is it for the sake of one's own
selfish ends? Or is it for the benefit of the fellow beings around him?It
is not right to act that way. Whatever you do and whatever you may
perform, if you were to be inspired by the feeling that it is for the
Ananda of God, then it is bound to reach him. Therefore, the abiding
feeling in you should be that whatever you do, you are doing it asworship
of the Lord. This principle contains the very essence of Karma.
CHANTING OF GAYATRI
When an individual is first born from the mother's womb, this is the
natural type of birth. This is the natural state. This is the first birth
as such. After you have been given the Gayatri Manthra, the dawn of a
second birth emerges in your life. What is this Gayatri Mantra? It is the
very quintessence of the Vedas. Verily it is the mother of the Vedas. The meaning of the syllable "Ga" is Jiva. Gayatri is that which protects and
fosters all life forms. You must realise therefore that on being given
this Gayatri Manthra, you have been given a second birth. When you start>chanting this Manthra in conformity with certain rules and code of
conduct, you will certainly be able to reach a state in fulfillment of
this Manthra. You arrive at a new stage, the third stage, which is called
the Vipra. At this stage you begin to chant the Vedas. Even as you tryand understand and chant the Manthras in the Vedas, you must realise their significance end start practicing the underlying principle and thus live
the Vedas every second of your life. In this way you will certainly
succeed in attaining Brahma. It is only when you understand this Brahma Thathwa and perform your actions in accordance with this understandingcan one be called a Brahmana. It is not by birth alone that one becomes a Brahmana. It is necessary that one's actions should correspond to this understanding. We really deserve to be called a Brahmana only when we
understand the Brahma Thathwa.
TIME FOR CHANTING
It has been laid down that this Gayatri Mantra has to be chanted three
times every day: during the sandhyas of early morning, afternoon and
evening. Sandhya means the conjunction of two stages of time.
Pratah Sandhya is the time when transition from the night to the day takesplace. Likewise evening sandhya is the time when the day slides into the night. Madhyanna Sandhya is the time when the morning and afternoon are connected. Man is the embodiment of three Gunas. These three attributes
are not confined to man as such; even time has these attributes. Timealso
has Sathwa, Raja and Thamo Gunas. What do we mean by time having Sathwa guna? All these three attributes have 24 hours to go by in a day. Each of these three Gunas takes up 8 hours by itself i.e, Sathwa has 8 hours,
Rajasik has 8 hours and Thamasik has 8 hours. What are these 8 hours of Sathwik time? When you designate the period from 4 a m to 8 a m the intervening 4 hours are Sathwik. In like manner, the time between 4 p.m.
and 8 p.m. is also Sathwik. These two stretches of 4 hours apiece are
Sathwik hours. The time from 8 a.m. to 4
p.m.is Rajasik. It is duringthis
time that all lifeforms keep doing whatever has to be done by them.Not
only men, but also animals and the like do what is expected of themduring these 8 hours. The factory worker, the farmer, the agriculturist and
anybody that on can think of has to work during these 8 hours of Rajasik
time. So we find that every individual has an experience of this Rajasik
time Then we have the time from 8 p.m. to 4 a.m. during the night. Thisis
the Thamasik time. That it is indeed Thamasik we know from ourexperience. The chief quality that is associated with this time is sleep. Sleep is
being equated to Thamasik in this analysis. It is during the Sathwik time
viz., from 4 a.m. to 8 a.m and from 4 p.m. to 8 p.m. that we should undertake our sacred and noble duties. This will sanctify our life. Weshould understand and appreciate how time has been divided for variousactivities and only then can we realise the true nature of our existence.
This Gayatri Manthra has to be taken up for chanting at any time during
the period of from 4 a.m. to 8 a.m., and then at any time between 4 p.m.
and 8 p.m. lt is absolutely necessary that you chant this Gayatri Manthra
either in the early hours of the morning or in the evening hours. During
the mid-day also it can be taken up for chanting, but for certain
purposes. When you look upon it as a Sadhana, it is the morning and
evening hours which are sacred for chanting. You should chant thisManthra
at least three times in the morning hours and three times in the evening
time. When you do this, you can certainly free yourselves from the fruits
of your Karma. It is said that a day's chanting takes care of all the ill
effects of the day's Karma. To illustrate this point, let me cite an
example. When you go and buy a certain thing on loan, not only does the
loan amount increase, but also the interest on it goes up. On the other
hand, if you were to barter something for the item at the shop, there is
no loan to be cleared, nor is there any interest to be paid. When youhave borrowed something on loan, then you find that whatever you have earned
has to be given for repayment of the loan, and the interest thereof. So,
when you try and clear your debts as and when you buy a certain thing,
then there is no loan nor is there any interest to be paid back. In the
same manner, chanting Gayatri three times in the morning and three times
in the evening hours before you go to bed would take care of all your
errors in the form of loan and interest to be cleared off. By chanting
this Manthra with this feeling you can certainly transcend Your Karma,
you can even reach the state of Nishkama Karma. You can sanctify your life in
this manner. Therefore, in order that you may understand the significance
and reap the benefits of chanting Gayatri, you should know the significance of the morning and evening hours chant Gayatri. You do have the time indeed! Where there is a will, there is a way, it is said. We do fritter away a lot of our time. A fraction of your time that you waste, if directed to chanting Gayatri, can purify your life. You do have a bath every day. So, even as you bathe, if you chant this Manthra, you are not only chanting this Manthra and deriving the benefits thereof, but it becomes a form of worship. So also, in the
afternoon, if you were to chant this Manthra as you eat your food, the
meal becomes sanctified- the food becomes a Naivedya. You may or you may not chant any other Manthra, but do remember that chanting the Gayatri is beneficial and you can experience this yourself.
EXPLANATION OF THE MANTHRA
Gayatri is the embodiment of all forms of Godhead- "Sarva Devatha Swaroopam."
Gayatri does not belong to any caste, to any sect or to any religion as such.
It is universal in its scope.
Gayatri has nine important attributes.
These are:
1. Aum Sound as the basis of Creation,Brahman.
2. Bhuh The Earth, the gross.
3. Bhuvah The Atmosphere, the Ether, the Subtle.
4. Suvah Heaven, the region beyond Bhuvah the Causal.
5. Tat Stands for That. The Ultimate Reality issimply
referred to as That because it defies description through speech or
language.
6. Savitur Stands for Divine Savitri, equated with the
vivifying power contained within the Sun.
7. Varenyum Adore.
8. Bhargo Radiance, Lustre, Illumination.
9. Devasya Divine Radiance or Grace.
"Dheemahi" signifies worship of or meditation on the Lord. "Dhiyo Yo Nah Prachodayat" as the last syllable, is a prayer. Therefore, in theGayatri,
there is Varnam, Dhyanam and Prathana (description, meditation and a prayer) these aspects converge in the Manthra.
GAYATRI AND ADVAITHA
What goes on within you, depending upon the circumstances, are classified
as follows - we talk of Sankalpa and for this we use the "manas" or the
mind. When we talk of the aspect of "wavering" we have the "Chithha."When you think of discrimination, "Vicharana," we use the tern "Buddhi", the intellect. When you have the motive of selfishness, you talk of
"Ahamkara" or ego. What you have to understand is that basically one entity is described as mind, chithha, intellect and ego. We will do well to
understand the basic difference between the mind on the one hand and the intelligence on the other. Mind is something that has got in its nature a divisive tendency. The intellect is beyond such divisions. Therefore this intellect is associated with the principle of "Adwaitha". When there is a division taking place in understanding the phenomena, we are assailed by
the "Dwaitha" bhava. When you have this divisiveness in you, when youtend
to see more than one thing, it is the mind that perceives this duality.
The intellect tries to see the one among the many. What you should tryand
do is see the underlying unity in the diversity and not the other way
around. This Gayatri is a sacred Manthra which tells you about this
underlying unity in the diversity of things. It is through this vision on
unity that we can perceive divinity and sanctify our lives. In this world
we have mud or clay in one form or another. This clay can be one but the forms that it can take are multifarious. Likewise, gold is one, but the ornaments could be many. Milk is one, but the cows can be many in description.
So also the Atma is one, but the forms that it indwells are
many. In the world around you, beyond the names and forms, there is no
third entity. This world is nothing but the convergence of name andforms.
One form, one name. Between these two viz., the name and form- is theform that changes continually, something which withers away and fades away and finally disappears. Though the form disappears, though the form undergoes change, the name as such remains the same at all times (Nithya Sathya);
it remains changeless. For example, you have given the name cow to ananimal. Tho cow, the animal, will disappear with the passage of time. But thename
will remain. Forms will disappear but the name will last forever.
The sanctity of the name needs to be understood properly. It will be
difficult for you to try and identify a person in a crowd by means of his form.
However even in a huge congregation of people, if you were to call
out the name of an individual, he would respond to your call.
Throughthis name, therefore you can recognise the individual.
In the same way if you
take up the Lord's name as the basis, you can understand that forms in
various hues and sizes have taken that name. If you know the name of the station, you can ask for a ticket for that station and undertake your journey. When you are not aware of the name of the station, how can you possibly proceed on the journey? Therefore it is the name that is
important, and not the form as such. When you understand the fullefficacy and the significance of this Gayatri, you will be in a position to
understand the true nature, the underlying unity, the Atmic principle
dwelling in all different forms.
ITS GREAT BENEFICIAL EFFECTS
Who is this Gayatri? She is the personified unity of the triumvirate
divinity - Gayatri, Savitri and Saraswathi. Gayatri is also known as the
five-faced divinity. The first face signifies Om. The second is Bhur
Bhuvah Svah. Thath Savithur Varenyam is the third face. Bhargo Devasya Dheemahi is the fourth face. Dheeyo Yo Nah Prachodayath is the fifthface.
This is the Pancha Mukhi Swaroopam, the five-faced divinity.
From these five faces emanate the five life forces, Pancha Pranas. These five life forces are fostered and protected by Gayatri and therefore She is called
the benefactor and the protector. During the time She is protecting thus,
She is called "Savitri." You may have read about the story in the epics
that Savitri protected Satyavan. Who is this Savitri? She is the Pancha
Prana Swaroopini. This truly means that Savitri protects and guides those
who lead a life of truthfulness. When She tries to improve yourqualities,
She is called Gayatri; when She protects and fosters your word, She is
called Saraswati. Therefore, this Goddess protects the intellect, thelife
force and the word, and thus in every way She protects the individual at
all times. Today you have been given this Gayatri Manthra. It is verily a
day when you are having your second birth. Purify and sanctify yoursecond
life and then you become eligible for the third stage of Viprathwa. From
there you will proceed to the stage of attaining Brahma. "Brahmavid Brahmaiva Bhavathi" - how do you attain this state? You can attain inonly when you have understood your own nature. When you ask the question,`when do we become deserving to attain the state of Brahma?' then can you understand this. Before being married, a girl would be an ordinaryperson.
After the marriage, she has the privilege of claiming half of whateverher husband has, as a matter or right. What is it that marks out from the
earlier stage of being an alien and the latter stage of married life when
she can claim something by right? That right is conferred on her by a
sacred thread tied to her neck, the Mangal Sutra. In the same manner, so
long as you have not reached the state of surrender, you are an alien to
the Lord. Once you have put the thread of surrender around your neck, you
become One with Him, and you have earned the right to, and can demandfrom God, half of whatever He has. Therefore, through your own efforts you should try and reach the state of surrender to GOD. How is it possible, you might ask, by chanting this Gayatri continuously, to reach the state of fulfillment and sense of feeling that you have received something? There is an inner meaning in giving this Gayatri Mantra to young people.
We have in this Mantra the concluding words, Dheeyo yo nah Prachodayat. The meaning is this: Before you were given this Mantra, you may have been backward intellectually, or were a bit lazy. But now that you have been
given this Mantra, you become sharper in intellect, become more zealous, more enthusiastic, and certainly become more qualified for scalinggreater heights in acquiring knowledge.
CONCLUSION Before the sun rises, everything is enveloped in darkness. Even as the rays of the Sun dispel this darkness, so also the chanting of thisGayatri dispels all darkness and ignorance. The rays of this Sun dispels the area
of darkness. Darkness has no place where the rays of the sun reach out.So
also once your intellect blossoms forth by virtue of your having been
given this Manthra, your intellectual rays will dispel the ignorancewhich
has been persisting in you, will drive away all darkness and endow you
with intelligence.